A group of illnesses known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the heart or blood arteries.
[2] Coronary artery diseases (CAD), such as angina and myocardial infarction, are examples of cardiovascular illness (commonly known as a heart attack). [2] Other CVDs include thromboembolic disease, peripheral artery disease, aortic aneurysms, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, and venous thrombosis.
8.2 Cardioglycoside use
Plants that contain cardiac glycosides and their crude extracts have been employed by humans as arrow coatings, homicidal or suicide aids, rat poisons, heart tonics, diuretics, and emetics since the dawn of time. Congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are currently being treated with pure extracts or synthetic analogs of a few.
The main therapeutic application of cardiac glycosides is the management of heart failure. Their usefulness comes from a higher cardiac output caused by stronger contractions. Cardiac glycosides promote calcium-induced calcium release and consequently contraction by raising intracellular calcium in the manner explained below. Additionally, they postpone depolarization, which lowers the heart rate.
8.3. Other cardiotonic
Beta- adrenomimetics: dopamine, dobutamine, and adrenaline
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