Introduction 13.1
A substance known as an antibiotic either kills germs or stops their growth. Antimicrobial drugs can be categorized based on the microorganisms they are most effective against. For instance, antifungals and antibiotics are used to treat fungi and bacteria, and Drugs known as antimicrobials are used to treat microbial infections. Antimicrobial drugs can be categorized based on the microorganisms they are most effective against. Examples of medications that are antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antibiotic
respectively. They can also be categorized based on how they are used. Microbicidal substances are those that actually kill microorganisms, while biostatic substances only prevent their proliferation.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis and antimicrobial chemotherapy are two terms used to describe the use of antimicrobial medications to treat and prevent infections, respectively.
Disinfectants (also known as "nonselective antimicrobials," like bleach) are the main kinds of antimicrobial agents.
antiseptics (which are administered to living tissue and assist minimize infection during surgery), antibiotics, and non-living surfaces to prevent the transmission of disease (which destroy microorganisms within the body).
The term "antibiotic" was formerly only used to refer to medications made from living things, but it is now widely used to designate synthetic antimicrobials such as Rubenssulphonamidesas and fluoroquinolones. Originally just referring to antibacterials, the phrase has come to refer to all antimicrobials (and is now frequently used as a synonym for them by medical practitioners and in medical literature).
The first to identify Penicillium Rubens, a naturally occurring antibacterial fungus, was Alexander Fleming in 1928. Penicillin, a chemical he called after the fungus from which it was derived, was first used to treat a streptococcus infection in 1942. [5] Additionally, penicillin was effective in treating a variety of other infectious infections, including gonorrhea and strep
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