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DRUGS FOR HEART DISORDER

8.1. Overview A group of illnesses known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the heart or blood arteries. [2] Coronary artery diseases (CAD), such as angina and myocardial infarction, are examples of cardiovascular illness (commonly known as a heart attack). [2] Other CVDs include thromboembolic disease, peripheral artery disease, aortic aneurysms, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, and venous thrombosis. 8.2 Cardioglycoside use Plants that contain cardiac glycosides and their crude extracts have been employed by humans as arrow coatings, homicidal or suicide aids, rat poisons, heart tonics, diuretics, and emetics since the dawn of time. Congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are currently being treated with pure extracts or synthetic analogs of a few. The main therapeutic application of cardiac glycosides is the management of heart failure. Their

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN D . The general term "vitamin D" refers to a collection of chemically connected substances with antirachitic properties. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and Vitamin D3 are the two most well-known members of this category (cholecalciferol). VITAMIN D2 & D3 From the 1940s to the 1960s, foods were fortified with vitamin D in the form of vitamin D2, which is generated from the common plant steroid ergosterol. When the sun's radiant energy contacts the skin and transforms the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D3 is produced. Since vitamin D3 may be produced by the body, it does not fit the traditional definition of a vitamin. Along with calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, vitamin D helps to maintain calcium homeostasis in the body (PTH). Additionally, crucial vitamin D is also important for phosphorus homeostasis CALCIUM Calcium and phosphorus are required for a wide variety of biological processes. Calcium is nece

VITAMIN K

VITAMIN K vitamin K can be isolated from biological material by standard methods used to obtain physiologically active lipids. The isolation is always complicated by the small amount of desired product in the initial extracts. Initial extractions are usually made with the use of some type of dehydrating conditions, such as chloroform-methanol, or by first grinding the wet tissue with anhydrous sodium sulfate and then extracting it with acetone followed by hexane or ether. Large samples (kilogram quantities) of tissues can be extracted with acetone alone, and this extract can be partitioned between water and hexane to obtain the crude vitamin. Small samples, such as in vitro incubation mixtures or buffered subcellular fractions, can be effectively extracted by shaking the aqueous suspension with a mixture of isopropanol and hexane. The phases can be separated by centrifugation and the upper layer analyzed directly. SOURCES OF VITAMIN K the plant-based sources of vitamin k 1;kale 2.

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